Study · Nutrients · 2022Conflicts declared

Coffee, alcohol and milk intake linked to epilepsy risk

What it found

In a genetic study of people, coffee intake was not linked to epilepsy risk, while higher alcohol intake was linked to a higher risk and milk intake to a slightly lower risk.

What they found

Studies in people

Alcohol and epilepsy

Genetically predicted alcohol intake was linked to a higher risk of epilepsy in the ILAE consortium. The combined analysis of ILAE and FinnGen also showed a higher risk.

Coffee and epilepsy

Genetically predicted coffee intake was not related to epilepsy risk in either the ILAE or FinnGen group.

Milk and epilepsy

Higher genetically predicted milk intake was linked to a slightly lower risk of epilepsy in the FinnGen consortium. This was only tested in that group.

What the authors conclude

“The present study provides evidence that a genetically predicted higher alcohol consumption was associated with an increased epilepsy risk.”
Zhang Z, Wang M, Yuan S, Liu X, 2022

Also in their conclusions

  • They say that a genetically predicted higher alcohol consumption was associated with an increased epilepsy risk.
  • They advise that reducing alcohol intake should be regarded as an important prevention strategy for epilepsy.

How it was done

The authors wanted to see whether alcohol, coffee and milk intake cause epilepsy, because earlier studies had given inconsistent results and could be affected by reverse causation and confounding.

They used genetic variants linked to alcohol, coffee and milk intake as stand-ins for these habits. They looked at epilepsy data from 15,212 cases and 29,677 controls in the ILAE consortium and 4,588 cases and 144,780 controls in the FinnGen consortium.

What it can’t tell you

  • This study used genetic data from people of European descent, so the results may not apply to other populations.
  • The study could not look at whether the links are non-linear, because the method assumes a straight-line effect.
  • The milk finding was only available in one group, so it needs more research.

The paper

Title
Alcohol, Coffee, and Milk Intake in Relation to Epilepsy Risk
Type
Study
Evidence
Studies in people
Summarised from
Full text
Cite
Zhang Z, Wang M, Yuan S, Liu X (2022). Alcohol, Coffee, and Milk Intake in Relation to Epilepsy Risk. Nutrients. doi:10.3390/nu14061153Free full textPubMed 35334809DOI

Summary written 26 Sep 2026. Check it against the paper before it changes what you eat. How we summarise papers · Report an error