By what they do in food
Grouped by the functions Open Food Facts records for each additive. Many additives do more than one job, so they appear in more than one group.
Stabiliser
83- Acacia gumE414A gum from acacia trees.Mostly no concerns
- Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472aUsed in food as an emulsifier, sequestrant or stabiliser.Not enough
- Acetylated distarch adipateE1422Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Acetylated distarch phosphateE1414A changed starch that is not absorbed whole by the gut.Concerning in studies of people
- Acetylated starchE1420Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- AgarE406A jelly-like substance from some kinds of red algae.No concerns
- Aluminium ammonium sulphateE523A white crystal also called ammonium alum.Not enough
- Ammonium alginateE403A chemical compound found in certain brown algae.Not enough
- Ammonium phosphateE342Used in food as a stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Calcium acetateE263Used in food as a preservative or stabiliser.Not enough
- Calcium alginateE404Used in food as a carrier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Calcium carbonateE170iA chemical compound found in rocks, chalk, limestone, eggshells, shells and pearls.Mostly no concerns
- Calcium chlorideE509Used in food as a stabiliser, thickener or coagulant.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Calcium citratesE333A calcium-based additive also used in supplements.Mostly no concerns
- Calcium phosphatesE341Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylateE482Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Not enough
- Calcium sulphateE516An inorganic salt that occurs in several forms, including gypsum.Not enough
- CarrageenanE407A gelling and thickening extract from red seaweeds.Conflicting
- CelluloseE460A natural substance found in plants.Concerning in studies of people
- Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472cUsed in food as an antioxidant, emulsifier, sequestrant or stabiliser.Not enough
- Cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcelluloseE468Used in food as a stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- DextrinE1400A group of carbohydrates made from starch.Mostly no concerns
- DiphosphatesE450Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Distarch phosphateE1412A modified starch.Conflicting
- Gellan gumE418A gelling agent made by fermenting sugar with bacteria.No concerns
- Glycerol esters of wood rosinE445A food additive made from wood rosin and glycerin.Not enough
- Guar gumE412A powder from guar beans.No concerns
- Hydroxypropyl celluloseE463Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphateE1442A modified resistant starch used as a food additive.No concerns
- Hydroxypropyl methyl celluloseE464Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- InvertaseE1103An enzyme usually made from yeast.Not enough
- IsomaltE953A sugar substitute used for its sugar-like physical properties.Conflicting
- Karaya-gumE416A vegetable gum from trees.Not enough
- KonjacE425Used in food as a carrier, emulsifier, humectant, stabiliser or thickener.Mostly no concerns
- Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472bUsed in food as an emulsifier, sequestrant or stabiliser.Not enough
- Locust bean gumE410A vegetable gum from carob tree seeds, used as a thickener.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Magnesium chlorideE511Used in food as a stabiliser or coagulant.Unclear
- Magnesium phosphatesE343Used in food as a stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Magnesium salts of fatty acidsE470bUsed in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- MaltitolE965Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, stabiliser, sweetener or thickener.Conflicting
- MannitolE421A sweetener that is a type of sugar alcohol.Concerning in studies of people
- Methyl celluloseE461A compound derived from cellulose that is added to food products.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Mono- and diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472eAn ingredient used in baking.Not enough
- Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE471A food additive composed of diglycerides and monoglycerides.Not enough
- PectinE440aA white-to-light-brown powder produced from citrus fruits.No concerns
- Pectin amideE440bA white-to-light-brown powder made from citrus fruits.Not enough
- PolydextroseE1200A man-made fibre made from glucose.Mostly no concerns
- Polyglycerol esters of fatty acidsE475Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Not enough
- Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurateE432Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Not enough
- Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleateE433A man-made yellow liquid used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearateE435Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Not enough
- Polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearateE436Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Not enough
- PolyphosphatesE452Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.Concerning in studies of people
- PolyvinylpolypyrrolidoneE1202A changed form of a tablet helper that soaks up water.Not enough
- PolyvinylpyrrolidoneE1201A water-soluble compound made from N-vinylpyrrolidone.Not enough
- Potassium carbonatesE501A white salt that dissolves in water.Not enough
- Potassium chlorideE508Used in food as a stabiliser, thickener or preservative.Conflicting
- Potassium citratesE332A potassium salt of citric acid.No concerns
- Potassium phosphatesE340A group of salts made from potassium and phosphate.Not enough
- Processed eucheuma seaweedE407aA gelling and thickening extract from red seaweed.Not enough
- Propane-1‚2-diol alginateE405A thickener made from kelp.No concerns
- ProteaseE1101An enzyme that breaks down proteins.Not enough
- Sodium alginateE401A gum from brown algae.No concerns
- Sodium aluminium phosphateE541Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Sodium carbonatesE500A white, odorless salt that dissolves in water and gives alkaline solutions.Not enough
- Sodium carboxy methyl celluloseE466A form of cellulose gum, often used as its sodium salt.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Sodium citratesE331Any of the sodium salts of citric acid.No concerns
- Sodium gluconateE576A white, water-soluble powder that is the sodium salt of gluconic acid.Not enough
- Sodium phosphatesE339A generic term for a variety of salts of sodium and phosphate.Conflicting
- Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylateE481Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Unclear
- Sodium/potassium and calcium salts of fatty acidsE470aUsed in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Sorbitan tristearateE492A waxy substance used in food.Not enough
- SorbitolE420Used in food as a humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser, sweetener or thickener.Mostly concerning in studies of people
- Starch sodium octenyl succinateE1450A changed starch that the gut does not absorb whole.No concerns
- Sucrose acetate isobutyrateE444A food additive also called SAIB.No concerns
- Sucrose esters of fatty acidsE473A man-made substance made from sugar and fats.Not enough
- Tara gumE417Used in food as a stabiliser or thickener.Unclear
- TragacanthE413A natural gum from the dried sap of Middle Eastern plants.No concerns
- Triethyl citrateE1505A liquid made from citric acid.Not enough
- TriphosphatesE451Sodium triphosphate is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10.Not enough
- White and yellow beeswaxE901A natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis.Not enough
- Xanthan gumE415A substance made from sugars by fermentation.Mostly no concerns
- XylitolE967A sweetener that can come from birch wood.Mostly no concerns
Emulsifier
70- Acacia gumE414A gum from acacia trees.Mostly no concerns
- Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472aUsed in food as an emulsifier, sequestrant or stabiliser.Not enough
- Acetylated distarch adipateE1422Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Acetylated distarch phosphateE1414A changed starch that is not absorbed whole by the gut.Concerning in studies of people
- Acetylated starchE1420Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- AgarE406A jelly-like substance from some kinds of red algae.No concerns
- Ammonium alginateE403A chemical compound found in certain brown algae.Not enough
- Ammonium phosphatidesE442Used in food as an emulsifier.Not enough
- Calcium phosphatesE341Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylateE482Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Not enough
- Candelilla waxE902A wax from the leaves of the small candelilla shrub.Not enough
- CarrageenanE407A gelling and thickening extract from red seaweeds.Conflicting
- Castor oilE1503Used in food as a carrier or emulsifier.Not enough
- CelluloseE460A natural substance found in plants.Concerning in studies of people
- Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472cUsed in food as an antioxidant, emulsifier, sequestrant or stabiliser.Not enough
- DextrinE1400A group of carbohydrates made from starch.Mostly no concerns
- DiphosphatesE450Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Distarch phosphateE1412A modified starch.Conflicting
- Glycerol esters of wood rosinE445A food additive made from wood rosin and glycerin.Not enough
- Glyceryl triacetateE1518Used in food as a carrier, emulsifier or humectant.Not enough
- Guar gumE412A powder from guar beans.No concerns
- Hydroxypropyl celluloseE463Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphateE1442A modified resistant starch used as a food additive.No concerns
- Hydroxypropyl methyl celluloseE464Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Karaya-gumE416A vegetable gum from trees.Not enough
- KonjacE425Used in food as a carrier, emulsifier, humectant, stabiliser or thickener.Mostly no concerns
- Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472bUsed in food as an emulsifier, sequestrant or stabiliser.Not enough
- LactitolE966A sweetener made from milk sugar.Conflicting
- LecithinsE322Fatty substances from plants and animals that attract both water and fat.No concerns
- Locust bean gumE410A vegetable gum from carob tree seeds, used as a thickener.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Magnesium salts of fatty acidsE470bUsed in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- MaltitolE965Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, stabiliser, sweetener or thickener.Conflicting
- Methyl celluloseE461A compound derived from cellulose that is added to food products.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Mono- and diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472eAn ingredient used in baking.Not enough
- Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE471A food additive composed of diglycerides and monoglycerides.Not enough
- PectinE440aA white-to-light-brown powder produced from citrus fruits.No concerns
- Pectin amideE440bA white-to-light-brown powder made from citrus fruits.Not enough
- Polyglycerol esters of fatty acidsE475Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Not enough
- Polyglycerol polyricinoleateE476An emulsifier made from glycerol and fatty acids.No concerns
- Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurateE432Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Not enough
- Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleateE433A man-made yellow liquid used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearateE435Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Not enough
- Polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearateE436Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Not enough
- PolyphosphatesE452Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.Concerning in studies of people
- PolyvinylpyrrolidoneE1201A water-soluble compound made from N-vinylpyrrolidone.Not enough
- Potassium lactateE326A substance made by neutralising lactic acid from sugar.Not enough
- Potassium phosphatesE340A group of salts made from potassium and phosphate.Not enough
- Processed eucheuma seaweedE407aA gelling and thickening extract from red seaweed.Not enough
- Propane-1‚2-diol alginateE405A thickener made from kelp.No concerns
- Propane-1‚2-diol esters of fatty acidsE477Used in food as an emulsifier.Not enough
- Quillaia extractE999An extract from the bark of the soapbark tree.Not enough
- Sodium alginateE401A gum from brown algae.No concerns
- Sodium aluminium phosphateE541Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Sodium carboxy methyl celluloseE466A form of cellulose gum, often used as its sodium salt.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Sodium citratesE331Any of the sodium salts of citric acid.No concerns
- Sodium lactateE325A salt made from lactic acid.Not enough
- Sodium phosphatesE339A generic term for a variety of salts of sodium and phosphate.Conflicting
- Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylateE481Used in food as an emulsifier or stabiliser.Unclear
- Sodium/potassium and calcium salts of fatty acidsE470aUsed in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Sorbitan monostearateE491An ester of sorbitan, a sorbitol derivative, and stearic acid.Not enough
- Sorbitan tristearateE492A waxy substance used in food.Not enough
- Starch sodium octenyl succinateE1450A changed starch that the gut does not absorb whole.No concerns
- Sucrose acetate isobutyrateE444A food additive also called SAIB.No concerns
- Sucrose esters of fatty acidsE473A man-made substance made from sugar and fats.Not enough
- TragacanthE413A natural gum from the dried sap of Middle Eastern plants.No concerns
- Triethyl citrateE1505A liquid made from citric acid.Not enough
- TriphosphatesE451Sodium triphosphate is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10.Not enough
- White and yellow beeswaxE901A natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis.Not enough
- Xanthan gumE415A substance made from sugars by fermentation.Mostly no concerns
- XylitolE967A sweetener that can come from birch wood.Mostly no concerns
Thickener
62- Acacia gumE414A gum from acacia trees.Mostly no concerns
- Acetylated distarch adipateE1422Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Acetylated distarch phosphateE1414A changed starch that is not absorbed whole by the gut.Concerning in studies of people
- Acetylated starchE1420Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- AgarE406A jelly-like substance from some kinds of red algae.No concerns
- Ammonium alginateE403A chemical compound found in certain brown algae.Not enough
- Ammonium phosphateE342Used in food as a stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Calcium alginateE404Used in food as a carrier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Calcium chlorideE509Used in food as a stabiliser, thickener or coagulant.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Calcium lactateE327A white crystal salt made from calcium.No concerns
- Calcium phosphatesE341Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Candelilla waxE902A wax from the leaves of the small candelilla shrub.Not enough
- CarrageenanE407A gelling and thickening extract from red seaweeds.Conflicting
- CelluloseE460A natural substance found in plants.Concerning in studies of people
- Cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcelluloseE468Used in food as a stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- DextrinE1400A group of carbohydrates made from starch.Mostly no concerns
- DiphosphatesE450Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Distarch phosphateE1412A modified starch.Conflicting
- Ethyl celluloseE462A thickener and coating made from cellulose.Not enough
- Gellan gumE418A gelling agent made by fermenting sugar with bacteria.No concerns
- GlycerolE422A sweet-tasting liquid that is found in animal fats and vegetable oils.Conflicting
- Guar gumE412A powder from guar beans.No concerns
- Hydroxypropyl celluloseE463Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphateE1442A modified resistant starch used as a food additive.No concerns
- Hydroxypropyl methyl celluloseE464Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- IsomaltE953A sugar substitute used for its sugar-like physical properties.Conflicting
- Karaya-gumE416A vegetable gum from trees.Not enough
- KonjacE425Used in food as a carrier, emulsifier, humectant, stabiliser or thickener.Mostly no concerns
- LactitolE966A sweetener made from milk sugar.Conflicting
- Locust bean gumE410A vegetable gum from carob tree seeds, used as a thickener.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Magnesium phosphatesE343Used in food as a stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Magnesium salts of fatty acidsE470bUsed in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Magnesium silicatesE553Used in food as a thickener.Not enough
- MaltitolE965Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, stabiliser, sweetener or thickener.Conflicting
- MannitolE421A sweetener that is a type of sugar alcohol.Concerning in studies of people
- Methyl celluloseE461A compound derived from cellulose that is added to food products.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- PectinE440aA white-to-light-brown powder produced from citrus fruits.No concerns
- Pectin amideE440bA white-to-light-brown powder made from citrus fruits.Not enough
- PolydextroseE1200A man-made fibre made from glucose.Mostly no concerns
- PolyphosphatesE452Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.Concerning in studies of people
- Polyvinyl alcoholE1203Used in food as a thickener.Not enough
- PolyvinylpyrrolidoneE1201A water-soluble compound made from N-vinylpyrrolidone.Not enough
- Potassium chlorideE508Used in food as a stabiliser, thickener or preservative.Conflicting
- Potassium phosphatesE340A group of salts made from potassium and phosphate.Not enough
- Processed eucheuma seaweedE407aA gelling and thickening extract from red seaweed.Not enough
- Propane-1‚2-diol alginateE405A thickener made from kelp.No concerns
- Sodium alginateE401A gum from brown algae.No concerns
- Sodium aluminium phosphateE541Used in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- Sodium carbonatesE500A white, odorless salt that dissolves in water and gives alkaline solutions.Not enough
- Sodium carboxy methyl celluloseE466A form of cellulose gum, often used as its sodium salt.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Sodium gluconateE576A white, water-soluble powder that is the sodium salt of gluconic acid.Not enough
- Sodium lactateE325A salt made from lactic acid.Not enough
- Sodium phosphatesE339A generic term for a variety of salts of sodium and phosphate.Conflicting
- Sodium/potassium and calcium salts of fatty acidsE470aUsed in food as an emulsifier, stabiliser or thickener.Not enough
- SorbitolE420Used in food as a humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser, sweetener or thickener.Mostly concerning in studies of people
- Starch sodium octenyl succinateE1450A changed starch that the gut does not absorb whole.No concerns
- Tara gumE417Used in food as a stabiliser or thickener.Unclear
- TragacanthE413A natural gum from the dried sap of Middle Eastern plants.No concerns
- TriphosphatesE451Sodium triphosphate is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10.Not enough
- White and yellow beeswaxE901A natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis.Not enough
- Xanthan gumE415A substance made from sugars by fermentation.Mostly no concerns
- XylitolE967A sweetener that can come from birch wood.Mostly no concerns
Sequestrant
30- Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472aUsed in food as an emulsifier, sequestrant or stabiliser.Not enough
- Ammonium alginateE403A chemical compound found in certain brown algae.Not enough
- Ascorbic acidE300A vitamin found in fruits and vegetables.Mostly no concerns
- Calcium alginateE404Used in food as a carrier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Calcium citratesE333A calcium-based additive also used in supplements.Mostly no concerns
- Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetateE385Used in food as an antioxidant, preservative or sequestrant.Not enough
- Calcium gluconateE578A calcium supplement made from gluconic acid.No concerns
- Calcium phosphatesE341Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Calcium sulphateE516An inorganic salt that occurs in several forms, including gypsum.Not enough
- Citric acidE330A colorless weak organic acid that occurs naturally in citrus fruits.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472cUsed in food as an antioxidant, emulsifier, sequestrant or stabiliser.Not enough
- DiphosphatesE450Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Glucono-delta-lactoneE575A colorless solid, an oxidized derivative of glucose.Not enough
- L(+)-tartaric acidE334An acid found naturally in many fruits.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472bUsed in food as an emulsifier, sequestrant or stabiliser.Not enough
- Mono- and diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472eAn ingredient used in baking.Not enough
- Phosphoric acidE338A colorless, odorless solid, commonly an 85% watery solution.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- PolyphosphatesE452Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.Concerning in studies of people
- Potassium citratesE332A potassium salt of citric acid.No concerns
- Potassium gluconateE577A potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid.No concerns
- Potassium phosphatesE340A group of salts made from potassium and phosphate.Not enough
- Sodium acetatesE262A colorless salt of acetic acid that absorbs water from the air.Concerning in studies of people
- Sodium alginateE401A gum from brown algae.No concerns
- Sodium citratesE331Any of the sodium salts of citric acid.No concerns
- Sodium gluconateE576A white, water-soluble powder that is the sodium salt of gluconic acid.Not enough
- Sodium phosphatesE339A generic term for a variety of salts of sodium and phosphate.Conflicting
- Sodium thiosulfateE539A white solid that dissolves well in water.Not enough
- SorbitolE420Used in food as a humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser, sweetener or thickener.Mostly concerning in studies of people
- Triethyl citrateE1505A liquid made from citric acid.Not enough
- TriphosphatesE451Sodium triphosphate is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10.Not enough
Colour
30- Allura redE129Used in food as a colour.Concerning in studies of people
- AnnattoE160bAn orange-red colouring from achiote tree seeds.Mostly no concerns
- AnthocyaninsE163A colour found in plants like berries and black rice.No concerns
- AzorubineE122A red colouring known as carmoisine.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Beetroot redE162A red colouring taken from beetroot.Not enough
- Beta-apo-8′-carotenal (c30)E160eUsed in food as a colour.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Brilliant blue FCFE133A blue colouring used in food.Not enough
- Calcium carbonateE170iA chemical compound found in rocks, chalk, limestone, eggshells, shells and pearls.Mostly no concerns
- CanthaxanthinE161gUsed in food as a colour.Conflicting
- CaroteneE160aUsed in food as a colour.Mostly no concerns
- Chlorophylls and ChlorophyllinsE140Used in food as a colour.Not enough
- CochinealE120Used in food as a colour.Concerning in studies of people
- Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllinsE141Used in food as a colour.Not enough
- CurcuminE100A yellow colouring from the turmeric plant.Mostly no concerns
- ErythrosineE127A cherry-pink colouring made in a lab.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Fast Green FCFE143A turquoise food dye.Not enough
- IndigotineE132A blue colour made from indigo.Not enough
- Iron oxides and iron hydroxidesE172Used in food as a colour.Not enough
- LuteinE161bUsed in food as a colour.Mostly no concerns
- LycopeneE160dUsed in food as a colour.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Paprika extractE160cUsed in food as a colour.Unclear
- Plain caramelE150aA food colouring that dissolves in water.Not enough
- Ponceau 4rE124A strawberry red colouring made in a lab.Not enough
- Quinoline yellowE104Used in food as a colour.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- RiboflavinE101A vitamin found in food, also called vitamin B2.No concerns
- Sulphite ammonia caramelE150dUsed in food as a colour.Not enough
- Sunset yellow FCFE110Used in food as a colour.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- TartrazineE102A man-made lemon yellow colouring used in food.Conflicting
- Titanium dioxideE171A white solid used as a food coloring.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- ZeaxanthinE161hUsed in food as a colour.No concerns
Preservative
29- Acetic acidE260A colourless liquid organic compound that is the active component of vinegar.No concerns
- Benzoic acidE210A white or colorless crystalline compound found naturally in many plants.Concerning in studies of people
- Benzole peroxideE928A white granular solid used to bleach flour.Not enough
- Calcium acetateE263Used in food as a preservative or stabiliser.Not enough
- Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetateE385Used in food as an antioxidant, preservative or sequestrant.Not enough
- Calcium propionateE282A preservative made from propanoic acid.Not enough
- Dimethyl dicarbonateE242A liquid used in drinks.Not enough
- LysozymeE1105Used in food as a preservative.Not enough
- Methyl p-hydroxybenzoateE218A preservative called methylparaben.Not enough
- NatamycinE235A preservative used in food.Not enough
- NisinE234A germ-killing substance made by a bacterium.Not enough
- Potassium acetateE261A potassium salt of acetic acid.Not enough
- Potassium benzoateE212A preservative made from benzoic acid.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Potassium chlorideE508Used in food as a stabiliser, thickener or preservative.Conflicting
- Potassium metabisulphiteE224A white crystalline powder with a pungent sulfur odour.Not enough
- Potassium nitrateE252A chemical compound, a potassium salt of nitric acid, also called saltpetre.Not enough
- Potassium sorbateE202A white salt made from sorbic acid.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Propionic acidE280An acid found in nature with a strong smell.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Sodium acetatesE262A colorless salt of acetic acid that absorbs water from the air.Concerning in studies of people
- Sodium benzoateE211A white crystal made from benzoic acid.Concerning in studies of people
- Sodium bisulphiteE222Used in food as an antioxidant or preservative.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Sodium metabisulphiteE223An inorganic compound used as a disinfectant, antioxidant, and preservative agent.Concerning in studies of people
- Sodium nitrateE251A preservative used in cured meats and poultry.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Sodium nitriteE250A synthetic salt made into a white powder.Conflicting
- Sodium phosphatesE339A generic term for a variety of salts of sodium and phosphate.Conflicting
- Sodium propionateE281The sodium salt of propionic acid.No concerns
- Sodium sulphiteE221A white, water-soluble solid, a sodium salt of sulfurous acid.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Sorbic acidE200A natural preservative from rowan berries.Concerning in studies of people
- Sulphur dioxideE220A colorless gas with a pungent smell.Concerning in studies of people
Antioxidant
28- Ascorbic acidE300A vitamin found in fruits and vegetables.Mostly no concerns
- Butylated hydroxyanisole (bha)E320A man-made waxy solid from petroleum.Mostly no concerns
- Butylated hydroxytolueneE321A preservative used in food.Conflicting
- Calcium ascorbateE302A compound that is the calcium salt of ascorbic acid.No concerns
- Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetateE385Used in food as an antioxidant, preservative or sequestrant.Not enough
- Citric acidE330A colorless weak organic acid that occurs naturally in citrus fruits.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acidsE472cUsed in food as an antioxidant, emulsifier, sequestrant or stabiliser.Not enough
- D-Alpha-tocopherolE307aUsed in food as an antioxidant.No concerns
- DL-Alpha-tocopherolE307cUsed in food as an antioxidant.Not enough
- Erythorbic acidE315Used in food as an antioxidant.No concerns
- Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acidE304Used in food as an antioxidant.Not enough
- Glucose oxidaseE1102An enzyme made by certain fungi and insects.No concerns
- L(+)-tartaric acidE334An acid found naturally in many fruits.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- LecithinsE322Fatty substances from plants and animals that attract both water and fat.No concerns
- Nitrous oxideE942A colourless gas with a slightly sweet scent.Not enough
- Phosphoric acidE338A colorless, odorless solid, commonly an 85% watery solution.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Potassium lactateE326A substance made by neutralising lactic acid from sugar.Not enough
- Potassium metabisulphiteE224A white crystalline powder with a pungent sulfur odour.Not enough
- Propyl gallateE310A substance added to foods that contain oils and fats.Not enough
- Sodium ascorbateE301One of a number of mineral salts of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).Not enough
- Sodium bisulphiteE222Used in food as an antioxidant or preservative.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Sodium erythorbateE316Used in food as an antioxidant.Not enough
- Sodium lactateE325A salt made from lactic acid.Not enough
- Sodium metabisulphiteE223An inorganic compound used as a disinfectant, antioxidant, and preservative agent.Concerning in studies of people
- Sodium sulphiteE221A white, water-soluble solid, a sodium salt of sulfurous acid.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Sodium thiosulfateE539A white solid that dissolves well in water.Not enough
- Sulphur dioxideE220A colorless gas with a pungent smell.Concerning in studies of people
- Tertiary-butylhydroquinone (tbhq)E319A man-made chemical that is a type of phenol.Concerning in animal and lab studies
Humectant
26- AgarE406A jelly-like substance from some kinds of red algae.No concerns
- Ammonium alginateE403A chemical compound found in certain brown algae.Not enough
- Calcium alginateE404Used in food as a carrier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Calcium phosphatesE341Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- CarrageenanE407A gelling and thickening extract from red seaweeds.Conflicting
- CelluloseE460A natural substance found in plants.Concerning in studies of people
- DiphosphatesE450Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- ErythritolE968A sweetener made from corn using enzymes and fermentation.Mostly no concerns
- GlycerolE422A sweet-tasting liquid that is found in animal fats and vegetable oils.Conflicting
- Glyceryl triacetateE1518Used in food as a carrier, emulsifier or humectant.Not enough
- KonjacE425Used in food as a carrier, emulsifier, humectant, stabiliser or thickener.Mostly no concerns
- MaltitolE965Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, stabiliser, sweetener or thickener.Conflicting
- MannitolE421A sweetener that is a type of sugar alcohol.Concerning in studies of people
- PolydextroseE1200A man-made fibre made from glucose.Mostly no concerns
- PolyphosphatesE452Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.Concerning in studies of people
- Potassium lactateE326A substance made by neutralising lactic acid from sugar.Not enough
- Potassium phosphatesE340A group of salts made from potassium and phosphate.Not enough
- Processed eucheuma seaweedE407aA gelling and thickening extract from red seaweed.Not enough
- Sodium alginateE401A gum from brown algae.No concerns
- Sodium carboxy methyl celluloseE466A form of cellulose gum, often used as its sodium salt.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Sodium lactateE325A salt made from lactic acid.Not enough
- Sodium malatesE350A compound that is the sodium salt of malic acid.Not enough
- Sodium phosphatesE339A generic term for a variety of salts of sodium and phosphate.Conflicting
- SorbitolE420Used in food as a humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser, sweetener or thickener.Mostly concerning in studies of people
- TriphosphatesE451Sodium triphosphate is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10.Not enough
- XylitolE967A sweetener that can come from birch wood.Mostly no concerns
Carrier
20- Acacia gumE414A gum from acacia trees.Mostly no concerns
- AgarE406A jelly-like substance from some kinds of red algae.No concerns
- Ammonium alginateE403A chemical compound found in certain brown algae.Not enough
- Calcium alginateE404Used in food as a carrier, humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser or thickener.No concerns
- Candelilla waxE902A wax from the leaves of the small candelilla shrub.Not enough
- Carnauba waxE903Used in food as a carrier.Not enough
- CarrageenanE407A gelling and thickening extract from red seaweeds.Conflicting
- Castor oilE1503Used in food as a carrier or emulsifier.Not enough
- CelluloseE460A natural substance found in plants.Concerning in studies of people
- DextrinE1400A group of carbohydrates made from starch.Mostly no concerns
- Ethyl celluloseE462A thickener and coating made from cellulose.Not enough
- Glyceryl triacetateE1518Used in food as a carrier, emulsifier or humectant.Not enough
- KonjacE425Used in food as a carrier, emulsifier, humectant, stabiliser or thickener.Mostly no concerns
- Magnesium carbonatesE504A colourless or white solid salt.Not enough
- Processed eucheuma seaweedE407aA gelling and thickening extract from red seaweed.Not enough
- Propane-1‚2-diol alginateE405A thickener made from kelp.No concerns
- Silicon dioxideE551Used in food as a carrier.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Sodium alginateE401A gum from brown algae.No concerns
- Triethyl citrateE1505A liquid made from citric acid.Not enough
- White and yellow beeswaxE901A natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis.Not enough
Sweetener
19- Acesulfame kE950Used in food as a sweetener.Conflicting
- AspartameE951An artificial sweetener used instead of sugar.Mostly concerning in studies of people
- Cyclamic acid and its Na and Ca saltsE952Used in food as a sweetener.No concerns
- ErythritolE968A sweetener made from corn using enzymes and fermentation.Mostly no concerns
- IsomaltE953A sugar substitute used for its sugar-like physical properties.Conflicting
- LactitolE966A sweetener made from milk sugar.Conflicting
- MaltitolE965Used in food as an emulsifier, humectant, stabiliser, sweetener or thickener.Conflicting
- MannitolE421A sweetener that is a type of sugar alcohol.Concerning in studies of people
- NeotameE961A sweetener that has no calories.Unclear
- Polyglycitol syrupE964Used in food as a sweetener.Concerning in studies of people
- Saccharin and its saltsE954Used in food as a sweetener.Concerning in animal and lab studies
- Salt of aspartame-acesulfameE962An artificial sweetener marketed under the name Twinsweet.Not enough
- SorbitolE420Used in food as a humectant, sequestrant, stabiliser, sweetener or thickener.Mostly concerning in studies of people
- Steviol glycosidesE960A sweetener from the leaves of a South American plant.No concerns
- Steviol glycosides from SteviaE960aUsed in food as a sweetener.Not enough
- SucraloseE955An artificial sweetener used instead of sugar.Conflicting
- TagatoseE963A sweetener found in small amounts in foods.Conflicting
- ThaumatinE957A sweetener from a West African fruit.Unclear
- XylitolE967A sweetener that can come from birch wood.Mostly no concerns