Clinical trial · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2015Abstract only

Carrot and tomato paste raise carotene in breast milk

What it found

In breastfeeding women, eating fresh carrot paste raised beta-carotene in their milk, and tomato paste raised lycopene.

Both meals were eaten with a high-fat meal.

What they found

Studies in people

Carotene in milk

Milk beta-carotene rose significantly after the women ate the fresh carrot paste with a high-fat meal.

Lycopene in milk

Milk lycopene levels were elevated after the women ate the fresh tomato paste with a high-fat meal.

Other findings

Amounts given

The carrot meal contained 15 mg of all-trans beta-carotene and the tomato meal contained 15 mg of all-trans lycopene.

What the authors conclude

“We suggest that breast milk carotenoid levels reflect the mother's level of intake and can thus be raised by simple nutritional intervention.”
Haftel L, Berkovich Z, Reifen R, 2015

Also in their conclusions

  • They suggest that breast milk carotenoid levels reflect the mother's level of intake and can thus be raised by simple nutritional intervention.
  • They say the results may be relevant to breastfeeding mothers of both preterm and term infants by raising antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties in their milk.

How it was done

The authors wanted to measure beta-carotene and lycopene levels in the breast milk of healthy, well-nourished breastfeeding women who were given fresh carrot or tomato paste.

Twelve women were given fresh carrot paste and 14 were given fresh tomato paste once a day for 3 days, each with a high-fat meal. The women avoided other foods containing beta-carotene or lycopene. Milk levels were measured before, during and after the trial.

What it can’t tell you

  • We summarised it from the abstract only.
  • This was a small trial, so the results may not apply to all breastfeeding women.
  • It did not test whether the raised carotene levels in milk affect the health of the infants.

The paper

Title
Elevated milk β-carotene and lycopene after carrot and tomato paste supplementation
Type
Clinical trial
Evidence
Studies in people
Summarised from
Abstract only
Cite
Haftel L, Berkovich Z, Reifen R (2015). Elevated milk β-carotene and lycopene after carrot and tomato paste supplementation. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). doi:10.1016/j.nut.2014.10.009PubMed 25701332DOI

Summary written 26 Sep 2026. Check it against the paper before it changes what you eat. How we summarise papers · Report an error